845 lines
23 KiB
Rust
845 lines
23 KiB
Rust
/// # Two Dimensional Grid
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///
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/// The grid crate provides a basic 2D dynamic data structure.
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/// The purpose of this crate is to provide an universal data structure that is faster,
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/// uses less memory, and is easier to use than a naive `Vec<Vec<T>>` solution.
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///
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/// Similar to *C-like* arrays `grid` uses a flat 1D `Vec<T>` data structure to have a continuos
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/// memory data layout. See also [this](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/17259877/1d-or-2d-array-whats-faster)
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/// explanation of why you should probably use a one-dimensional array approach.
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///
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/// Note that this crate uses a [*row-major*](https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2015/memory-layout-of-multi-dimensional-arrays) memory layout.
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/// Therefore, `grid.push_row()` is way faster then the `grid.push_col()` operation.
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///
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/// This crate will always provide a 2D data structure. If you need three or more dimensions take a look at the
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/// [ndarray crate](https://docs.rs/ndarray/0.13.0/ndarray/). The `grid` create is a container for all kind of data.
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/// If you need to perform matrix operations, you are better of with a linear algebra lib, such as
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/// [cgmath](https://docs.rs/cgmath/0.17.0/cgmath/) or [nalgebra](https://docs.rs/nalgebra/0.21.0/nalgebra/).
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///
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/// No other dependencies except for the std lib are used.
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///
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/// Most of the functions `std::Vec<T>` offer are also implemented in `grid` and slightly modified for a 2D data object.
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use std::fmt;
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use std::iter::StepBy;
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use std::ops::Index;
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use std::ops::IndexMut;
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use std::slice::Iter;
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use std::slice::IterMut;
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/// Stores elements of a certain type in a 2D grid structure.
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pub struct Grid<T> {
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data: Vec<T>,
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cols: usize,
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rows: usize,
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}
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#[doc(hidden)]
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#[macro_export]
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macro_rules! count {
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() => (0usize);
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( $x:tt $($xs:tt)* ) => (1usize + $crate::count!($($xs)*));
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}
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/// Init a grid with values.
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/// ```
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/// use grid::grid;
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/// let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3]
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/// [4, 5, 6]
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/// [7, 8, 9]];
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/// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 3))
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/// ```
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#[macro_export]
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macro_rules! grid {
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() => {
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$crate::Grid::from_vec(vec![], 0)
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};
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( [$( $x:expr ),* ]) => { {
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let vec = vec![$($x),*];
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let len = vec.len();
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$crate::Grid::from_vec(vec, len)
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} };
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( [$( $x0:expr ),*] $([$( $x:expr ),*])* ) => {
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{
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let mut _assert_width0 = [(); $crate::count!($($x0)*)];
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let cols = $crate::count!($($x0)*);
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let rows = 1usize;
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$(
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let _assert_width = [(); $crate::count!($($x)*)];
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_assert_width0 = _assert_width;
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let rows = rows + 1usize;
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)*
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let mut vec = Vec::with_capacity(rows * cols);
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$( vec.push($x0); )*
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$( $( vec.push($x); )* )*
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$crate::Grid::from_vec(vec, cols)
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}
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};
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}
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impl<T: Clone> Grid<T> {
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/// Init a grid of size rows x columns with default values of the given type.
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/// For example this will generate a 2x3 grid of zeros:
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/// ```
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/// use grid::Grid;
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/// let grid : Grid<u8> = Grid::new(2,2);
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/// assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 0);
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/// ```
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pub fn new(rows: usize, cols: usize) -> Grid<T>
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where
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T: Default,
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{
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if rows < 1 || cols < 1 {
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panic!("Grid size of rows and columns must be greater than zero.");
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}
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Grid {
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data: vec![T::default(); rows * cols],
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cols: cols,
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rows: rows,
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}
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}
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/// Init a grid of size rows x columns with the given data element.
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pub fn init(rows: usize, cols: usize, data: T) -> Grid<T> {
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if rows < 1 || cols < 1 {
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panic!("Grid size of rows and columns must be greater than zero.");
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}
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Grid {
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data: vec![data; rows * cols],
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cols: cols,
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rows: rows,
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}
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}
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/// Returns a grid from a vector with a given column length.
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/// The length of `vec` must be a multiple of `cols`.
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///
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/// For example:
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::Grid;
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/// let grid = Grid::from_vec(vec![1,2,3,4,5,6], 3);
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/// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 3));
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/// ```
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///
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/// will create a grid with the following layout:
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/// [1,2,3]
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/// [4,5,6]
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///
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/// This example will fail, because `vec.len()` is not a multiple of `cols`:
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///
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/// ``` should_panic
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/// use grid::Grid;
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/// Grid::from_vec(vec![1,2,3,4,5], 3);
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/// ```
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pub fn from_vec(vec: Vec<T>, cols: usize) -> Grid<T> {
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let rows = vec.len();
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if rows == 0 {
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if cols == 0 {
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return Grid {
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data: vec![],
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rows: 0,
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cols: 0,
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};
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} else {
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panic!("Vector length is zero, but cols is {:?}", cols);
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}
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} else if rows % cols != 0 {
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panic!("Vector length must be a multiple of cols.");
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} else {
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Grid {
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data: vec,
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rows: rows / cols,
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cols: cols,
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}
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}
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}
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/// Returns a reference to an element, without performing bound checks.
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/// Generally not recommended, use with caution!
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/// Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.
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#[inline]
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pub unsafe fn get_unchecked(&self, row: usize, col: usize) -> &T {
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self.data.get_unchecked(row * self.cols() + col)
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}
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/// Returns a mutable reference to an element, without performing bound checks.
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/// Generally not recommended, use with caution!
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/// Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.
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#[inline]
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pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut(&mut self, row: usize, col: usize) -> &mut T {
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let cols = self.cols;
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self.data.get_unchecked_mut(row * cols + col)
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}
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/// Access a certain element in the grid.
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/// Returns None if an element beyond the grid bounds is tried to be accessed.
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pub fn get(&self, row: usize, col: usize) -> Option<&T> {
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if row < self.rows && col < self.cols {
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unsafe { Some(self.get_unchecked(row, col)) }
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} else {
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None
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}
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}
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/// Mutable access to a certain element in the grid.
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/// Returns None if an element beyond the grid bounds is tried to be accessed.
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pub fn get_mut(&mut self, row: usize, col: usize) -> Option<&mut T> {
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if row < self.rows && col < self.cols {
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unsafe { Some(self.get_unchecked_mut(row, col)) }
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} else {
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None
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}
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}
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/// Returns the size of the gird as a two element tuple.
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/// First element are the number of rows and the second the columns.
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pub fn size(&self) -> (usize, usize) {
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(self.rows, self.cols)
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}
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/// Returns the number of rows of the grid.
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pub fn rows(&self) -> usize {
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self.rows
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}
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/// Returns the number of columns of the grid.
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pub fn cols(&self) -> usize {
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self.cols
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}
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/// Returns true if the grid contains no elements.
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/// For example:
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let grid : Grid<u8> = grid![];
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/// assert!(grid.is_empty());
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/// ```
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pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
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self.cols == 0 && self.rows == 0
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}
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/// Clears the grid.
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pub fn clear(&mut self) {
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self.rows = 0;
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self.cols = 0;
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self.data.clear();
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}
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/// Returns an iterator over the whole grid, starting from the first row and column.
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
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/// let mut iter = grid.iter();
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/// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&1));
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/// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&2));
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/// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&3));
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/// assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&4));
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/// assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
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/// ```
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pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<T> {
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self.data.iter()
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}
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/// Returns an mutable iterator over the whole grid that allows modifying each value.
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
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/// let mut iter = grid.iter_mut();
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/// let next = iter.next();
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/// assert_eq!(next, Some(&mut 1));
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/// *next.unwrap() = 10;
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/// ```
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pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<T> {
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self.data.iter_mut()
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}
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/// Returns an iterator over a column.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
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/// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_col(1);
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/// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&2));
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/// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&4));
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/// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), None);
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/// ```
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///
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/// # Panics
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///
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/// Panics if the col index is out of bounds.
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pub fn iter_col(&self, col: usize) -> StepBy<Iter<T>> {
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if col < self.cols {
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return self.data[col..].iter().step_by(self.cols);
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} else {
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panic!(
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"out of bounds. Column must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}.",
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self.cols, col
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)
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}
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}
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/// Returns a mutable iterator over a column.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
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/// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_col_mut(1);
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/// let next = col_iter.next();
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/// assert_eq!(next, Some(&mut 2));
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/// *next.unwrap() = 10;
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/// assert_eq!(grid[0][1], 10);
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/// ```
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///
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/// # Panics
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///
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/// Panics if the col index is out of bounds.
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pub fn iter_col_mut(&mut self, col: usize) -> StepBy<IterMut<T>> {
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let cols = self.cols;
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if col < cols {
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return self.data[col..].iter_mut().step_by(cols);
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} else {
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panic!(
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"out of bounds. Column must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}.",
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self.cols, col
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)
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}
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}
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/// Returns an iterator over a row.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
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/// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_row(1);
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/// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&3));
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/// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&4));
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/// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), Some(&5));
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/// assert_eq!(col_iter.next(), None);
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/// ```
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///
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/// # Panics
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///
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/// Panics if the row index is out of bounds.
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pub fn iter_row(&self, row: usize) -> Iter<T> {
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if row < self.rows {
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let start = row * self.cols;
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return self.data[start..(start + self.cols)].iter();
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} else {
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panic!(
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"out of bounds. Row must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}.",
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self.rows, row
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)
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}
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}
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/// Returns a mutable iterator over a row.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
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/// let mut col_iter = grid.iter_row_mut(1);
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/// let next = col_iter.next();
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/// *next.unwrap() = 10;
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/// assert_eq!(grid[1][0], 10);
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/// ```
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///
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/// # Panics
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///
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/// Panics if the row index is out of bounds.
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pub fn iter_row_mut(&mut self, row: usize) -> IterMut<T> {
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if row < self.rows {
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let cols = self.cols;
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let start = row * cols;
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return self.data[start..(start + cols)].iter_mut();
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} else {
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panic!(
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"out of bounds. Row must be less than {:?}, but is {:?}.",
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self.rows, row
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)
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}
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}
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/// Add a new row to the grid.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
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/// let row = vec![6,7,8];
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/// grid.push_row(row);
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/// assert_eq!(grid.rows(), 3);
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/// assert_eq!(grid[2][0], 6);
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/// assert_eq!(grid[2][1], 7);
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/// assert_eq!(grid[2][2], 8);
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/// ```
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///
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/// Can also be used to init an empty grid:
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
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/// let row = vec![1,2,3];
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/// grid.push_row(row);
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/// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 3));
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/// ```
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///
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/// # Panics
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///
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/// Panics if the grid is not empty and `row.len() != grid.cols()`.
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pub fn push_row(&mut self, row: Vec<T>) {
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let input_row_len = row.len();
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if self.rows > 0 && input_row_len != self.cols {
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panic!(
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"pushed row does not match. Length must be {:?}, but was {:?}.",
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self.cols, input_row_len
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)
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}
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self.data.extend(row);
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self.rows += 1;
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self.cols = input_row_len;
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}
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/// Add a new column to the grid.
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///
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/// *Important:*
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/// Please note that `Grid` uses a Row-Major memory layout. Therefore, the `push_col()`
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/// operation requires quite a lot of memory shifting and will be significantly slower compared
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/// to a `push_row()` operation.
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///
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/// # Examples
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3][3, 4, 5]];
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/// let col = vec![4,6];
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/// grid.push_col(col);
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/// assert_eq!(grid.cols(), 4);
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/// assert_eq!(grid[0][3], 4);
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/// assert_eq!(grid[1][3], 6);
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/// ```
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///
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/// Can also be used to init an empty grid:
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///
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/// ```
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/// use grid::*;
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/// let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
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/// let col = vec![1,2,3];
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/// grid.push_col(col);
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/// assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 1));
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/// ```
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///
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/// # Panics
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///
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/// Panics if the grid is not empty and `col.len() != grid.rows()`.
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pub fn push_col(&mut self, col: Vec<T>) {
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let input_col_len = col.len();
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if self.cols > 0 && input_col_len != self.rows {
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panic!(
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"pushed column does not match. Length must be {:?}, but was {:?}.",
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self.rows, input_col_len
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)
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}
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self.data.reserve(col.len());
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for (idx, d) in col.iter().enumerate() {
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let vec_idx = (idx + 1) * self.cols + idx;
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self.data.insert(vec_idx, d.to_owned());
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}
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self.cols += 1;
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self.rows = input_col_len;
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}
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}
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|
|
impl<T: Clone> Clone for Grid<T> {
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fn clone(&self) -> Self {
|
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Grid {
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rows: self.rows,
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cols: self.cols,
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data: self.data.clone(),
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}
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}
|
|
}
|
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|
|
impl<T: Clone> Index<usize> for Grid<T> {
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type Output = [T];
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|
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fn index(&self, idx: usize) -> &Self::Output {
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if idx < self.rows {
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let start_idx = idx * self.cols;
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&self.data[start_idx..start_idx + self.cols]
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} else {
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panic!(
|
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"index {:?} out of bounds. Grid has {:?} rows.",
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self.rows, idx
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);
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}
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}
|
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}
|
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|
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impl<T: Clone> IndexMut<usize> for Grid<T> {
|
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fn index_mut(&mut self, idx: usize) -> &mut Self::Output {
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&mut self.data[(idx * &self.cols)..]
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}
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}
|
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|
|
impl<T: fmt::Debug> fmt::Debug for Grid<T> {
|
|
#[allow(unused_must_use)]
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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
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write!(f, "[");
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if self.cols > 0 {
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for (i, _) in self.data.iter().enumerate().step_by(self.cols) {
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write!(f, "{:?}", &self.data[i..(i + self.cols)]);
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}
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}
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write!(f, "]")
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}
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}
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#[cfg(test)]
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mod test {
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use super::*;
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn idx_out_of_col_bounds() {
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let grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']];
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let _ = grid[0][5];
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}
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#[test]
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fn push_col_small() {
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let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![
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[0, 1, 2]
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[10, 11, 12]];
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grid.push_col(vec![3, 13]);
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (2, 4));
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assert_eq!(
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grid.iter_row(0).map(|x| *x).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
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vec![0, 1, 2, 3]
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);
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assert_eq!(
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grid.iter_row(1).map(|x| *x).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
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vec![10, 11, 12, 13]
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);
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}
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#[test]
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fn push_col() {
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let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![
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['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
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['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']
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['a', 'b', 'c', 'd']];
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grid.push_col(vec!['x', 'y', 'z']);
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 5));
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assert_eq!(
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grid.iter_row(0).map(|x| *x).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
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vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'x']
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);
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assert_eq!(
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grid.iter_row(1).map(|x| *x).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
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vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'y']
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);
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assert_eq!(
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grid.iter_row(2).map(|x| *x).collect::<Vec<_>>(),
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vec!['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'z']
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);
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}
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#[test]
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fn push_col_single() {
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let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a', 'b', 'c']];
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grid.push_col(vec!['d']);
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 4));
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assert_eq!(grid[0][3], 'd');
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}
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#[test]
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fn push_col_empty() {
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let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![];
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grid.push_col(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (4, 1));
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 'b');
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn push_col_wrong_size() {
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let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a','a','a']['a','a','a']];
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grid.push_col(vec!['b']);
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grid.push_col(vec!['b', 'b']);
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}
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#[test]
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fn push_row_empty() {
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let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![];
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grid.push_row(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 4));
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 'b');
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn push_row_wrong_size() {
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let mut grid: Grid<char> = grid![['a','a','a']['a','a','a']];
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grid.push_row(vec!['b']);
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grid.push_row(vec!['b', 'b', 'b', 'b']);
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}
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#[test]
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fn iter_row() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][1,2,3]];
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let mut iter = grid.iter_row(0);
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&1));
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&2));
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&3));
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn iter_row_empty() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
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let _ = grid.iter_row(0);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn iter_row_out_of_bound() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][1,2,3]];
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let _ = grid.iter_row(2);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn iter_col_out_of_bound() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][1,2,3]];
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let _ = grid.iter_col(3);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn iter_col_zero() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
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let _ = grid.iter_col(0);
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}
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#[test]
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fn iter() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2][3,4]];
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let mut iter = grid.iter();
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&1));
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&2));
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&3));
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&4));
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assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);
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}
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#[test]
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fn clear() {
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let mut grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3]];
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grid.clear();
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assert!(grid.is_empty());
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}
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#[test]
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fn is_empty_false() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3]];
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assert!(!grid.is_empty());
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}
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#[test]
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fn is_empty_true() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
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assert!(grid.is_empty());
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}
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#[test]
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fn fmt_empty() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![];
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assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", grid), "[]");
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}
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#[test]
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fn fmt_row() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1, 2, 3]];
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assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", grid), "[[1, 2, 3]]");
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}
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#[test]
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fn fmt_grid() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = grid![[1,2,3][4,5,6][7,8,9]];
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assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", grid), "[[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6][7, 8, 9]]");
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}
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#[test]
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fn clone() {
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let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6]];
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let mut clone = grid.clone();
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clone[0][2] = 10;
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assert_eq!(grid[0][2], 3);
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assert_eq!(clone[0][2], 10);
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}
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#[test]
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fn macro_init() {
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let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3][4, 5, 6]];
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 1);
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assert_eq!(grid[0][1], 2);
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assert_eq!(grid[0][2], 3);
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assert_eq!(grid[1][0], 4);
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assert_eq!(grid[1][1], 5);
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assert_eq!(grid[1][2], 6);
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}
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#[test]
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fn macro_init_2() {
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let grid = grid![[1, 2, 3]
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[4, 5, 6]
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[7, 8, 9]];
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 3))
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}
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#[test]
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fn macro_init_char() {
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let grid = grid![['a', 'b', 'c']
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['a', 'b', 'c']
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['a', 'b', 'c']];
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (3, 3));
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assert_eq!(grid[1][1], 'b');
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}
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#[test]
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fn macro_one_row() {
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let grid: Grid<usize> = grid![[1, 2, 3, 4]];
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 4));
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 1);
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assert_eq!(grid[0][1], 2);
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assert_eq!(grid[0][2], 3);
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}
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#[test]
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fn macro_init_empty() {
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let grid: Grid<usize> = grid![];
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (0, 0));
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}
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#[test]
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fn from_vec_zero() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![], 0);
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (0, 0));
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn from_vec_panics_1() {
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let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3], 0);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn from_vec_panics_2() {
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let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![1, 2, 3], 2);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn from_vec_panics_3() {
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let _: Grid<u8> = Grid::from_vec(vec![], 1);
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}
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#[test]
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fn init() {
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Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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Grid::init(1, 2, 1.2);
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Grid::init(1, 2, 'a');
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}
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#[test]
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fn new() {
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let grid: Grid<u8> = Grid::new(1, 2);
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 0);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn init_panics() {
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Grid::init(0, 2, 3);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn ctr_panics_2() {
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Grid::init(1, 0, 3);
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}
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#[test]
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fn get() {
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let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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assert_eq!(grid.get(0, 0), Some(&3));
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}
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#[test]
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fn get_none() {
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let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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assert_eq!(grid.get(1, 0), None);
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}
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#[test]
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fn get_mut() {
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let mut grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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let mut_ref = grid.get_mut(0, 0).unwrap();
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*mut_ref = 5;
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 5);
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}
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#[test]
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fn get_mut_none() {
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let mut grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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let mut_ref = grid.get_mut(1, 4);
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assert_eq!(mut_ref, None);
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}
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#[test]
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fn idx() {
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let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 3);
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn idx_panic_1() {
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let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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grid[20][0];
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}
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#[test]
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#[should_panic]
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fn idx_panic_2() {
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let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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grid[0][20];
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}
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#[test]
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fn idx_set() {
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let mut grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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grid[0][0] = 4;
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assert_eq!(grid[0][0], 4);
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}
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#[test]
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fn size() {
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let grid = Grid::init(1, 2, 3);
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assert_eq!(grid.size(), (1, 2));
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}
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}
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