Use "in front" and "behind" instead of "below" and "above"

# Conflicts:
#	crates/egui/src/containers/area.rs
#	crates/egui/src/containers/popup.rs
#	crates/egui/src/context.rs
#	crates/egui/src/painter.rs
#	crates/egui/src/ui.rs

Cargo.lock

@@ -4999,6 +4999,15 @@ dependencies = [
  "linked-hash-map",
 ]
 
+[[package]]
+name = "z_order"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "eframe",
+ "log",
+ "tracing-subscriber",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "zbus"
 version = "3.6.0"

crates/egui/src/containers/area.rs

@@ -77,8 +77,8 @@ impl Area {
         self
     }
 
-    pub fn layer(&self) -> LayerId {
-        LayerId::new(self.order, self.id)
+    pub fn layer(&self) -> AreaLayerId {
+        AreaLayerId::new(self.order, self.id)
     }
 
     /// If false, no content responds to click
@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ impl Area {
 }
 
 pub(crate) struct Prepared {
-    layer_id: LayerId,
+    layer_id: AreaLayerId,
     state: State,
     move_response: Response,
     enabled: bool,
@@ -229,7 +229,7 @@ impl Area {
             constrain,
         } = self;
 
-        let layer_id = LayerId::new(order, id);
+        let layer_id = AreaLayerId::new(order, id);
 
         let state = ctx.memory(|mem| mem.areas.get(id).copied());
         let is_new = state.is_none();
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ impl Area {
             let move_response = ctx.interact(
                 Rect::EVERYTHING,
                 ctx.style().spacing.item_spacing,
-                layer_id,
+                layers::ZLayer::from_area_layer(layer_id),
                 interact_id,
                 state.rect(),
                 sense,
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ impl Area {
             return;
         }
 
-        let layer_id = LayerId::new(self.order, self.id);
+        let layer_id = AreaLayerId::new(self.order, self.id);
         let area_rect = ctx.memory(|mem| mem.areas.get(self.id).map(|area| area.rect()));
         if let Some(area_rect) = area_rect {
             let clip_rect = ctx.available_rect();
@@ -416,7 +416,7 @@ impl Prepared {
     }
 }
 
-fn pointer_pressed_on_area(ctx: &Context, layer_id: LayerId) -> bool {
+fn pointer_pressed_on_area(ctx: &Context, layer_id: AreaLayerId) -> bool {
     if let Some(pointer_pos) = ctx.pointer_interact_pos() {
         let any_pressed = ctx.input(|i| i.pointer.any_pressed());
         any_pressed && ctx.layer_id_at(pointer_pos) == Some(layer_id)

crates/egui/src/containers/panel.rs

@@ -237,7 +237,7 @@ impl SidePanel {
                 let we_are_on_top = ui
                     .ctx()
                     .layer_id_at(pointer)
-                    .map_or(true, |top_layer_id| top_layer_id == ui.layer_id());
+                    .map_or(true, |top_layer_id| top_layer_id == ui.area_layer_id());
 
                 let resize_x = side.opposite().side_x(panel_rect);
                 let mouse_over_resize_line = we_are_on_top
@@ -306,12 +306,13 @@ impl SidePanel {
             } else {
                 Stroke::NONE
             };
-            // TODO(emilk): draw line on top of all panels in this ui when https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/1516 is done
-            // In the meantime: nudge the line so its inside the panel, so it won't be covered by neighboring panel
-            // (hence the shrink).
-            let resize_x = side.opposite().side_x(rect.shrink(1.0));
+            let resize_x = side.opposite().side_x(rect);
             let resize_x = ui.painter().round_to_pixel(resize_x);
-            ui.painter().vline(resize_x, rect.y_range(), stroke);
+            ui.painter().clone().with_z(layers::ZOrder::FRONT).vline(
+                resize_x,
+                rect.y_range(),
+                stroke,
+            );
         }
 
         inner_response
@@ -332,7 +333,7 @@ impl SidePanel {
         ctx: &Context,
         add_contents: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> R + 'c>,
     ) -> InnerResponse<R> {
-        let layer_id = LayerId::background();
+        let layer_id = AreaLayerId::background();
         let side = self.side;
         let available_rect = ctx.available_rect();
         let clip_rect = ctx.screen_rect();
@@ -688,7 +689,7 @@ impl TopBottomPanel {
                 let we_are_on_top = ui
                     .ctx()
                     .layer_id_at(pointer)
-                    .map_or(true, |top_layer_id| top_layer_id == ui.layer_id());
+                    .map_or(true, |top_layer_id| top_layer_id == ui.area_layer_id());
 
                 let resize_y = side.opposite().side_y(panel_rect);
                 let mouse_over_resize_line = we_are_on_top
@@ -757,12 +758,13 @@ impl TopBottomPanel {
             } else {
                 Stroke::NONE
             };
-            // TODO(emilk): draw line on top of all panels in this ui when https://github.com/emilk/egui/issues/1516 is done
-            // In the meantime: nudge the line so its inside the panel, so it won't be covered by neighboring panel
-            // (hence the shrink).
-            let resize_y = side.opposite().side_y(rect.shrink(1.0));
+            let resize_y = side.opposite().side_y(rect);
             let resize_y = ui.painter().round_to_pixel(resize_y);
-            ui.painter().hline(rect.x_range(), resize_y, stroke);
+            ui.painter().clone().with_z(layers::ZOrder::FRONT).hline(
+                rect.x_range(),
+                resize_y,
+                stroke,
+            );
         }
 
         inner_response
@@ -783,7 +785,7 @@ impl TopBottomPanel {
         ctx: &Context,
         add_contents: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> R + 'c>,
     ) -> InnerResponse<R> {
-        let layer_id = LayerId::background();
+        let layer_id = AreaLayerId::background();
         let available_rect = ctx.available_rect();
         let side = self.side;
 
@@ -1041,7 +1043,7 @@ impl CentralPanel {
         add_contents: Box<dyn FnOnce(&mut Ui) -> R + 'c>,
     ) -> InnerResponse<R> {
         let available_rect = ctx.available_rect();
-        let layer_id = LayerId::background();
+        let layer_id = AreaLayerId::background();
         let id = Id::new("central_panel");
 
         let clip_rect = ctx.screen_rect();

crates/egui/src/containers/popup.rs

@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ pub fn was_tooltip_open_last_frame(ctx: &Context, tooltip_id: Id) -> bool {
             for (count, (individual_id, _size)) in &state.individual_ids_and_sizes {
                 if *individual_id == tooltip_id {
                     let area_id = common_id.with(count);
-                    let layer_id = LayerId::new(Order::Tooltip, area_id);
+                    let layer_id = AreaLayerId::new(Order::Tooltip, area_id);
                     if ctx.memory(|mem| mem.areas.visible_last_frame(&layer_id)) {
                         return true;
                     }

crates/egui/src/containers/window.rs

@@ -510,7 +510,7 @@ impl PossibleInteractions {
 /// Either a move or resize
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug)]
 pub(crate) struct WindowInteraction {
-    pub(crate) area_layer_id: LayerId,
+    pub(crate) area_layer_id: AreaLayerId,
     pub(crate) start_rect: Rect,
     pub(crate) left: bool,
     pub(crate) right: bool,
@@ -540,7 +540,7 @@ fn interact(
     window_interaction: WindowInteraction,
     ctx: &Context,
     margins: Vec2,
-    area_layer_id: LayerId,
+    area_layer_id: AreaLayerId,
     area: &mut area::Prepared,
     resize_id: Id,
 ) -> Option<WindowInteraction> {
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ fn move_and_resize_window(ctx: &Context, window_interaction: &WindowInteraction)
 fn window_interaction(
     ctx: &Context,
     possible: PossibleInteractions,
-    area_layer_id: LayerId,
+    area_layer_id: AreaLayerId,
     id: Id,
     rect: Rect,
 ) -> Option<WindowInteraction> {
@@ -649,7 +649,7 @@ fn window_interaction(
 fn resize_hover(
     ctx: &Context,
     possible: PossibleInteractions,
-    area_layer_id: LayerId,
+    area_layer_id: AreaLayerId,
     rect: Rect,
 ) -> Option<WindowInteraction> {
     let pointer = ctx.input(|i| i.pointer.interact_pos())?;

crates/egui/src/context.rs

@@ -64,9 +64,9 @@ struct ContextImpl {
     requested_repaint_last_frame: bool,
 
     /// Written to during the frame.
-    layer_rects_this_frame: ahash::HashMap<LayerId, Vec<(Id, Rect)>>,
+    layer_rects_this_frame: ahash::HashMap<AreaLayerId, Vec<(Id, layers::ZOrder, Rect)>>,
     /// Read
-    layer_rects_prev_frame: ahash::HashMap<LayerId, Vec<(Id, Rect)>>,
+    layer_rects_prev_frame: ahash::HashMap<AreaLayerId, Vec<(Id, layers::ZOrder, Rect)>>,
 
     #[cfg(feature = "accesskit")]
     is_accesskit_enabled: bool,
@@ -101,7 +101,7 @@ impl ContextImpl {
         // Ensure we register the background area so panels and background ui can catch clicks:
         let screen_rect = self.input.screen_rect();
         self.memory.areas.set_state(
-            LayerId::background(),
+            AreaLayerId::background(),
             containers::area::State {
                 pos: screen_rect.min,
                 size: screen_rect.size(),
@@ -534,7 +534,7 @@ impl Context {
         &self,
         clip_rect: Rect,
         item_spacing: Vec2,
-        layer_id: LayerId,
+        layer: layers::ZLayer,
         id: Id,
         rect: Rect,
         sense: Sense,
@@ -551,13 +551,13 @@ impl Context {
 
         // Respect clip rectangle when interacting
         let interact_rect = clip_rect.intersect(interact_rect);
-        let mut hovered = self.rect_contains_pointer(layer_id, interact_rect);
+        let mut hovered = self.rect_contains_pointer(layer.area_layer, interact_rect);
 
         // This solves the problem of overlapping widgets.
         // Whichever widget is added LAST (=on top) gets the input:
         if interact_rect.is_positive() && sense.interactive() {
             if self.style().debug.show_interactive_widgets {
-                Self::layer_painter(self, LayerId::debug()).rect(
+                Self::layer_painter(self, AreaLayerId::debug()).rect(
                     interact_rect,
                     0.0,
                     Color32::YELLOW.additive().linear_multiply(0.005),
@@ -567,16 +567,18 @@ impl Context {
 
             self.write(|ctx| {
                 ctx.layer_rects_this_frame
-                    .entry(layer_id)
+                    .entry(layer.area_layer)
                     .or_default()
-                    .push((id, interact_rect));
+                    .push((id, layer.z, interact_rect));
 
                 if hovered {
                     let pointer_pos = ctx.input.pointer.interact_pos();
                     if let Some(pointer_pos) = pointer_pos {
-                        if let Some(rects) = ctx.layer_rects_prev_frame.get(&layer_id) {
-                            for &(prev_id, prev_rect) in rects.iter().rev() {
-                                if prev_id == id {
+                        if let Some(rects) = ctx.layer_rects_prev_frame.get_mut(&layer.area_layer) {
+                            rects.sort_by_key(|(_id, z, ..)| *z);
+
+                            for &(prev_id, prev_z, prev_rect) in rects.iter().rev() {
+                                if prev_id == id && prev_z <= layer.z {
                                     break; // there is no other interactive widget covering us at the pointer position.
                                 }
                                 if prev_rect.contains(pointer_pos) {
@@ -584,12 +586,12 @@ impl Context {
                                     // so we aren't hovered.
 
                                     if ctx.memory.options.style.debug.show_blocking_widget {
-                                        Self::layer_painter(self, LayerId::debug()).debug_rect(
+                                        Self::layer_painter(self, AreaLayerId::debug()).debug_rect(
                                             interact_rect,
                                             Color32::GREEN,
                                             "Covered",
                                         );
-                                        Self::layer_painter(self, LayerId::debug()).debug_rect(
+                                        Self::layer_painter(self, AreaLayerId::debug()).debug_rect(
                                             prev_rect,
                                             Color32::LIGHT_BLUE,
                                             "On top",
@@ -606,13 +608,13 @@ impl Context {
             });
         }
 
-        self.interact_with_hovered(layer_id, id, rect, sense, enabled, hovered)
+        self.interact_with_hovered(layer.area_layer, id, rect, sense, enabled, hovered)
     }
 
     /// You specify if a thing is hovered, and the function gives a [`Response`].
     pub(crate) fn interact_with_hovered(
         &self,
-        layer_id: LayerId,
+        layer_id: AreaLayerId,
         id: Id,
         rect: Rect,
         sense: Sense,
@@ -759,14 +761,14 @@ impl Context {
     }
 
     /// Get a full-screen painter for a new or existing layer
-    pub fn layer_painter(&self, layer_id: LayerId) -> Painter {
+    pub fn layer_painter(&self, layer_id: AreaLayerId) -> Painter {
         let screen_rect = self.screen_rect();
         Painter::new(self.clone(), layer_id, screen_rect)
     }
 
     /// Paint on top of everything else
     pub fn debug_painter(&self) -> Painter {
-        Self::layer_painter(self, LayerId::debug())
+        Self::layer_painter(self, AreaLayerId::debug())
     }
 
     /// What operating system are we running on?
@@ -1322,14 +1324,14 @@ impl Context {
     /// Move all the graphics at the given layer.
     ///
     /// Can be used to implement drag-and-drop (see relevant demo).
-    pub fn translate_layer(&self, layer_id: LayerId, delta: Vec2) {
+    pub fn translate_layer(&self, layer_id: AreaLayerId, delta: Vec2) {
         if delta != Vec2::ZERO {
             self.graphics_mut(|g| g.list(layer_id).translate(delta));
         }
     }
 
     /// Top-most layer at the given position.
-    pub fn layer_id_at(&self, pos: Pos2) -> Option<LayerId> {
+    pub fn layer_id_at(&self, pos: Pos2) -> Option<AreaLayerId> {
         self.memory(|mem| {
             mem.layer_id_at(pos, mem.options.style.interaction.resize_grab_radius_side)
         })
@@ -1338,11 +1340,11 @@ impl Context {
     /// Moves the given area to the top in its [`Order`].
     ///
     /// [`Area`]:s and [`Window`]:s also do this automatically when being clicked on or interacted with.
-    pub fn move_to_top(&self, layer_id: LayerId) {
+    pub fn move_to_top(&self, layer_id: AreaLayerId) {
         self.memory_mut(|mem| mem.areas.move_to_top(layer_id));
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn rect_contains_pointer(&self, layer_id: LayerId, rect: Rect) -> bool {
+    pub(crate) fn rect_contains_pointer(&self, layer_id: AreaLayerId, rect: Rect) -> bool {
         rect.is_positive() && {
             let pointer_pos = self.input(|i| i.pointer.interact_pos());
             if let Some(pointer_pos) = pointer_pos {
@@ -1599,7 +1601,7 @@ impl Context {
         ui.indent("areas", |ui| {
             ui.label("Visible areas, ordered back to front.");
             ui.label("Hover to highlight");
-            let layers_ids: Vec<LayerId> = self.memory(|mem| mem.areas.order().to_vec());
+            let layers_ids: Vec<AreaLayerId> = self.memory(|mem| mem.areas.order().to_vec());
             for layer_id in layers_ids {
                 let area = self.memory(|mem| mem.areas.get(layer_id.id).copied());
                 if let Some(area) = area {

crates/egui/src/layers.rs

@@ -69,12 +69,16 @@ impl Order {
 /// Also acts as an identifier for [`Area`]:s.
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
 #[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize))]
-pub struct LayerId {
+pub struct AreaLayerId {
     pub order: Order,
     pub id: Id,
 }
 
-impl LayerId {
+/// For backwards-compatibility with `AreaLayerId`
+#[deprecated(note = "Use `AreaLayerId` instead")]
+pub type LayerId = AreaLayerId;
+
+impl AreaLayerId {
     pub fn new(order: Order, id: Id) -> Self {
         Self { order, id }
     }
@@ -98,6 +102,11 @@ impl LayerId {
         self.order.allow_interaction()
     }
 
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_z(self, z: ZOrder) -> ZLayer {
+        ZLayer::from_area_layer_z(self, z)
+    }
+
     /// Short and readable summary
     pub fn short_debug_format(&self) -> String {
         format!(
@@ -108,13 +117,163 @@ impl LayerId {
     }
 }
 
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Represents the relative order an element should be displayed.
+///
+/// Lower values render first, and therefore appear below higher values.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize))]
+pub struct ZOrder(pub i32);
+
+impl ZOrder {
+    /// The default layer 0.
+    pub const BASE: ZOrder = ZOrder(0);
+
+    /// In front of everything else.
+    pub const FRONT: ZOrder = ZOrder(i32::MAX);
+
+    /// Behind everything else.
+    pub const BACK: ZOrder = ZOrder(i32::MIN);
+
+    /// Directly above
+    pub fn in_front(self) -> Self {
+        self.in_front_by(1)
+    }
+
+    /// Directly behind
+    pub fn behind(self) -> Self {
+        self.behind_by(1)
+    }
+
+    /// In front of by the number of levels given
+    pub fn in_front_by(self, levels: i32) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0.saturating_add(levels))
+    }
+
+    /// Behind by the number of levels given
+    pub fn behind_by(self, levels: i32) -> Self {
+        Self(self.0.saturating_sub(levels))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Default for ZOrder {
+    fn default() -> Self {
+        Self::BASE
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::ops::Add<ZOffset> for ZOrder {
+    type Output = ZOrder;
+
+    fn add(self, offset: ZOffset) -> Self::Output {
+        Self(self.0.saturating_add(offset))
+    }
+}
+
+impl std::ops::AddAssign<ZOffset> for ZOrder {
+    fn add_assign(&mut self, offset: ZOffset) {
+        self.0 = self.0.saturating_add(offset);
+    }
+}
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// Offset within a [`ZOrder`].
+///
+/// * Positive: more in front of.
+/// * Negative: more behind.
+pub type ZOffset = i32;
+
+// ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+/// An identifier for a paint layer which supports Z-indexing
+///
+/// This says: draw on [`AreaLayerId`] with index z. This only affects the display
+/// order of elements on the same area layer. Order of area layers still takes
+/// precedence over z-index.
+#[derive(Clone, Copy, Debug, Hash, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[cfg_attr(feature = "serde", derive(serde::Deserialize, serde::Serialize))]
+pub struct ZLayer {
+    pub area_layer: AreaLayerId,
+    pub z: ZOrder,
+}
+
+impl ZLayer {
+    pub fn new(order: Order, id: Id, z: ZOrder) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            area_layer: AreaLayerId { order, id },
+            z,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Use specified Z-level
+    pub fn from_area_layer_z(area_layer: AreaLayerId, z: ZOrder) -> Self {
+        Self { area_layer, z }
+    }
+
+    /// Use base Z-level
+    pub fn from_area_layer(area_layer: AreaLayerId) -> Self {
+        Self::from_area_layer_z(area_layer, ZOrder::default())
+    }
+
+    pub fn debug() -> Self {
+        Self::from_area_layer(AreaLayerId::debug())
+    }
+
+    pub fn background() -> Self {
+        Self::from_area_layer(AreaLayerId::background())
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_z(self, z: ZOrder) -> Self {
+        Self::from_area_layer_z(self.area_layer, z)
+    }
+
+    /// Get the `ZLayer` directly in front of this one.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn in_front(self) -> Self {
+        self.with_z(self.z.in_front())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the `ZLayer` in front of this one by `levels` levels.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn in_front_by(self, levels: i32) -> Self {
+        self.with_z(self.z.in_front_by(levels))
+    }
+
+    /// Get the `ZLayer` directly behind this one.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn behind(self) -> Self {
+        self.with_z(self.z.behind())
+    }
+
+    /// Get the `ZLayer` behind this one by `levels` levels.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn behind_by(self, levels: i32) -> Self {
+        self.with_z(self.z.behind_by(levels))
+    }
+
+    /// `Id` of underlying area layer
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn id(&self) -> Id {
+        self.area_layer.id
+    }
+
+    /// `Order` of underlying area layer
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn order(&self) -> Order {
+        self.area_layer.order
+    }
+}
+
 /// A unique identifier of a specific [`Shape`] in a [`PaintList`].
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct ShapeIdx(usize);
 
 /// A list of [`Shape`]s paired with a clip rectangle.
 #[derive(Clone, Default)]
-pub struct PaintList(Vec<ClippedShape>);
+pub struct PaintList(Vec<(ZOrder, ClippedShape)>);
 
 impl PaintList {
     #[inline(always)]
@@ -122,22 +281,37 @@ impl PaintList {
         self.0.is_empty()
     }
 
-    /// Returns the index of the new [`Shape`] that can be used with `PaintList::set`.
+    /// Returns the index of the new [`Shape`] at index `z` that can be used with `PaintList::set`.
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn add(&mut self, clip_rect: Rect, shape: Shape) -> ShapeIdx {
+    pub fn add_at_z(&mut self, clip_rect: Rect, shape: Shape, z: ZOrder) -> ShapeIdx {
         let idx = ShapeIdx(self.0.len());
-        self.0.push(ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape));
+        self.0.push((z, ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape)));
         idx
     }
 
-    pub fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = Shape>>(&mut self, clip_rect: Rect, shapes: I) {
+    /// Returns the index of the new [`Shape`] at base z-index that can be used with `PaintList::set`.
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn add(&mut self, clip_rect: Rect, shape: Shape) -> ShapeIdx {
+        self.add_at_z(clip_rect, shape, ZOrder::BASE)
+    }
+
+    pub fn extend_at_z<I: IntoIterator<Item = Shape>>(
+        &mut self,
+        clip_rect: Rect,
+        shapes: I,
+        z: ZOrder,
+    ) {
         self.0.extend(
             shapes
                 .into_iter()
-                .map(|shape| ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape)),
+                .map(|shape| (z, ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape))),
         );
     }
 
+    pub fn extend<I: IntoIterator<Item = Shape>>(&mut self, clip_rect: Rect, shapes: I) {
+        self.extend_at_z(clip_rect, shapes, ZOrder::BASE);
+    }
+
     /// Modify an existing [`Shape`].
     ///
     /// Sometimes you want to paint a frame behind some contents, but don't know how large the frame needs to be
@@ -147,12 +321,12 @@ impl PaintList {
     /// and then later setting it using `paint_list.set(idx, cr, frame);`.
     #[inline(always)]
     pub fn set(&mut self, idx: ShapeIdx, clip_rect: Rect, shape: Shape) {
-        self.0[idx.0] = ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape);
+        self.0[idx.0].1 = ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape);
     }
 
     /// Translate each [`Shape`] and clip rectangle by this much, in-place
     pub fn translate(&mut self, delta: Vec2) {
-        for ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape) in &mut self.0 {
+        for (.., ClippedShape(clip_rect, shape)) in &mut self.0 {
             *clip_rect = clip_rect.translate(delta);
             shape.translate(delta);
         }
@@ -163,18 +337,26 @@ impl PaintList {
 pub(crate) struct GraphicLayers([IdMap<PaintList>; Order::COUNT]);
 
 impl GraphicLayers {
-    pub fn list(&mut self, layer_id: LayerId) -> &mut PaintList {
+    pub fn list(&mut self, layer_id: AreaLayerId) -> &mut PaintList {
         self.0[layer_id.order as usize]
             .entry(layer_id.id)
             .or_default()
     }
 
-    pub fn drain(&mut self, area_order: &[LayerId]) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ClippedShape> {
+    pub fn drain(
+        &mut self,
+        area_order: &[AreaLayerId],
+    ) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = ClippedShape> {
         let mut all_shapes: Vec<_> = Default::default();
 
         for &order in &Order::ALL {
             let order_map = &mut self.0[order as usize];
 
+            // Sort by z-order
+            for list in order_map.values_mut() {
+                list.0.sort_by_key(|(z, ..)| *z);
+            }
+
             // If a layer is empty at the start of the frame
             // then nobody has added to it, and it is old and defunct.
             // Free it to save memory:
@@ -195,6 +377,6 @@ impl GraphicLayers {
             }
         }
 
-        all_shapes.into_iter()
+        all_shapes.into_iter().map(|(.., shape)| shape)
     }
 }

crates/egui/src/lib.rs

@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ pub use {
     grid::Grid,
     id::{Id, IdMap},
     input_state::{InputState, MultiTouchInfo, PointerState},
-    layers::{LayerId, Order},
+    layers::{AreaLayerId, Order, ZOffset, ZOrder},
     layout::*,
     memory::{Memory, Options},
     painter::Painter,
@@ -374,6 +374,9 @@ pub use {
     widgets::*,
 };
 
+#[allow(deprecated)]
+pub use layers::LayerId;
+
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 /// Helper function that adds a label when compiling with debug assertions enabled.

crates/egui/src/memory.rs

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use crate::{area, window, Id, IdMap, InputState, LayerId, Pos2, Rect, Style};
+use crate::{area, window, AreaLayerId, Id, IdMap, InputState, Pos2, Rect, Style};
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
@@ -358,12 +358,12 @@ impl Memory {
     }
 
     /// Top-most layer at the given position.
-    pub fn layer_id_at(&self, pos: Pos2, resize_interact_radius_side: f32) -> Option<LayerId> {
+    pub fn layer_id_at(&self, pos: Pos2, resize_interact_radius_side: f32) -> Option<AreaLayerId> {
         self.areas.layer_id_at(pos, resize_interact_radius_side)
     }
 
     /// An iterator over all layers. Back-to-front. Top is last.
-    pub fn layer_ids(&self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = LayerId> + '_ {
+    pub fn layer_ids(&self) -> impl ExactSizeIterator<Item = AreaLayerId> + '_ {
         self.areas.order().iter().copied()
     }
 
@@ -530,16 +530,16 @@ impl Memory {
 pub struct Areas {
     areas: IdMap<area::State>,
     /// Back-to-front. Top is last.
-    order: Vec<LayerId>,
-    visible_last_frame: ahash::HashSet<LayerId>,
-    visible_current_frame: ahash::HashSet<LayerId>,
+    order: Vec<AreaLayerId>,
+    visible_last_frame: ahash::HashSet<AreaLayerId>,
+    visible_current_frame: ahash::HashSet<AreaLayerId>,
 
     /// When an area want to be on top, it is put in here.
     /// At the end of the frame, this is used to reorder the layers.
     /// This means if several layers want to be on top, they will keep their relative order.
     /// So if you close three windows and then reopen them all in one frame,
     /// they will all be sent to the top, but keep their previous internal order.
-    wants_to_be_on_top: ahash::HashSet<LayerId>,
+    wants_to_be_on_top: ahash::HashSet<AreaLayerId>,
 }
 
 impl Areas {
@@ -552,11 +552,11 @@ impl Areas {
     }
 
     /// Back-to-front. Top is last.
-    pub(crate) fn order(&self) -> &[LayerId] {
+    pub(crate) fn order(&self) -> &[AreaLayerId] {
         &self.order
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn set_state(&mut self, layer_id: LayerId, state: area::State) {
+    pub(crate) fn set_state(&mut self, layer_id: AreaLayerId, state: area::State) {
         self.visible_current_frame.insert(layer_id);
         self.areas.insert(layer_id.id, state);
         if !self.order.iter().any(|x| *x == layer_id) {
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ impl Areas {
     }
 
     /// Top-most layer at the given position.
-    pub fn layer_id_at(&self, pos: Pos2, resize_interact_radius_side: f32) -> Option<LayerId> {
+    pub fn layer_id_at(&self, pos: Pos2, resize_interact_radius_side: f32) -> Option<AreaLayerId> {
         for layer in self.order.iter().rev() {
             if self.is_visible(layer) {
                 if let Some(state) = self.areas.get(&layer.id) {
@@ -583,15 +583,15 @@ impl Areas {
         None
     }
 
-    pub fn visible_last_frame(&self, layer_id: &LayerId) -> bool {
+    pub fn visible_last_frame(&self, layer_id: &AreaLayerId) -> bool {
         self.visible_last_frame.contains(layer_id)
     }
 
-    pub fn is_visible(&self, layer_id: &LayerId) -> bool {
+    pub fn is_visible(&self, layer_id: &AreaLayerId) -> bool {
         self.visible_last_frame.contains(layer_id) || self.visible_current_frame.contains(layer_id)
     }
 
-    pub fn visible_layer_ids(&self) -> ahash::HashSet<LayerId> {
+    pub fn visible_layer_ids(&self) -> ahash::HashSet<AreaLayerId> {
         self.visible_last_frame
             .iter()
             .copied()
@@ -607,7 +607,7 @@ impl Areas {
             .collect()
     }
 
-    pub fn move_to_top(&mut self, layer_id: LayerId) {
+    pub fn move_to_top(&mut self, layer_id: AreaLayerId) {
         self.visible_current_frame.insert(layer_id);
         self.wants_to_be_on_top.insert(layer_id);
 

crates/egui/src/painter.rs

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use crate::{
     emath::{Align2, Pos2, Rect, Vec2},
-    layers::{LayerId, PaintList, ShapeIdx},
-    Color32, Context, FontId,
+    layers::{PaintList, ShapeIdx, ZLayer, ZOffset, ZOrder},
+    AreaLayerId, Color32, Context, FontId,
 };
 use epaint::{
     text::{Fonts, Galley},
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ pub struct Painter {
     ctx: Context,
 
     /// Where we paint
-    layer_id: LayerId,
+    z_layer: ZLayer,
 
     /// Everything painted in this [`Painter`] will be clipped against this.
     /// This means nothing outside of this rectangle will be visible on screen.
@@ -33,24 +33,34 @@ pub struct Painter {
 
 impl Painter {
     /// Create a painter to a specific layer within a certain clip rectangle.
-    pub fn new(ctx: Context, layer_id: LayerId, clip_rect: Rect) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(ctx: Context, area_layer: AreaLayerId, clip_rect: Rect) -> Self {
         Self {
             ctx,
-            layer_id,
+            z_layer: ZLayer::from_area_layer(area_layer),
             clip_rect,
             fade_to_color: None,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Redirect where you are painting.
+    /// Redirect where you are painting with default z-index
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn with_layer_id(self, layer_id: LayerId) -> Self {
-        Self {
-            ctx: self.ctx,
-            layer_id,
-            clip_rect: self.clip_rect,
-            fade_to_color: None,
+    pub fn with_layer_id(mut self, layer: AreaLayerId) -> Self {
+        self.z_layer = ZLayer::from_area_layer(layer);
+        self
     }
+
+    /// Redirect z-index
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_z(mut self, z: ZOrder) -> Self {
+        self.z_layer.z = z;
+        self
+    }
+
+    /// Modify z-index
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_z_offset(mut self, z_offset: ZOffset) -> Self {
+        self.z_layer.z += z_offset;
+        self
     }
 
     /// Create a painter for a sub-region of this [`Painter`].
@@ -60,15 +70,25 @@ impl Painter {
     pub fn with_clip_rect(&self, rect: Rect) -> Self {
         Self {
             ctx: self.ctx.clone(),
-            layer_id: self.layer_id,
+            z_layer: self.z_layer,
             clip_rect: rect.intersect(self.clip_rect),
             fade_to_color: self.fade_to_color,
         }
     }
 
-    /// Redirect where you are painting.
-    pub fn set_layer_id(&mut self, layer_id: LayerId) {
-        self.layer_id = layer_id;
+    /// Redirect what area layer you are painting.
+    pub fn set_layer_id(&mut self, area_layer: AreaLayerId) {
+        self.z_layer.area_layer = area_layer;
+    }
+
+    /// Redirect at what z order you are drawing
+    pub fn set_z(&mut self, z: ZOrder) {
+        self.z_layer.z = z;
+    }
+
+    /// Redirect where you are drawing
+    pub fn set_layer(&mut self, layer: ZLayer) {
+        self.z_layer = layer;
     }
 
     /// If set, colors will be modified to look like this
@@ -89,7 +109,7 @@ impl Painter {
     pub fn sub_region(&self, rect: Rect) -> Self {
         Self {
             ctx: self.ctx.clone(),
-            layer_id: self.layer_id,
+            z_layer: self.z_layer,
             clip_rect: rect.intersect(self.clip_rect),
             fade_to_color: self.fade_to_color,
         }
@@ -114,8 +134,19 @@ impl Painter {
 
     /// Where we paint
     #[inline(always)]
-    pub fn layer_id(&self) -> LayerId {
-        self.layer_id
+    pub fn area_layer_id(&self) -> AreaLayerId {
+        self.z_layer.area_layer
+    }
+
+    /// Where we paint, and on what Z-level
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn z_layer(&self) -> ZLayer {
+        self.z_layer
+    }
+
+    #[inline(always)]
+    pub fn z(&self) -> ZOrder {
+        self.z_layer.z
     }
 
     /// Everything painted in this [`Painter`] will be clipped against this.
@@ -153,9 +184,9 @@ impl Painter {
 
 /// ## Low level
 impl Painter {
-    #[inline]
     fn paint_list<R>(&self, writer: impl FnOnce(&mut PaintList) -> R) -> R {
-        self.ctx.graphics_mut(|g| writer(g.list(self.layer_id)))
+        self.ctx
+            .graphics_mut(|g| writer(g.list(self.z_layer.area_layer)))
     }
 
     fn transform_shape(&self, shape: &mut Shape) {
@@ -164,16 +195,28 @@ impl Painter {
         }
     }
 
+    fn add_to_paint_list(&self, shape: Shape) -> ShapeIdx {
+        self.paint_list(|l| l.add_at_z(self.clip_rect, shape, self.z_layer.z))
+    }
+
+    fn extend_paint_list(&self, shapes: impl IntoIterator<Item = Shape>) {
+        self.paint_list(|l| l.extend_at_z(self.clip_rect, shapes, self.z_layer.z));
+    }
+
+    fn set_shape_in_paint_list(&self, idx: ShapeIdx, shape: Shape) {
+        self.paint_list(|l| l.set(idx, self.clip_rect, shape));
+    }
+
     /// It is up to the caller to make sure there is room for this.
     /// Can be used for free painting.
     /// NOTE: all coordinates are screen coordinates!
     pub fn add(&self, shape: impl Into<Shape>) -> ShapeIdx {
         if self.fade_to_color == Some(Color32::TRANSPARENT) {
-            self.paint_list(|l| l.add(self.clip_rect, Shape::Noop))
+            self.add_to_paint_list(Shape::Noop)
         } else {
             let mut shape = shape.into();
             self.transform_shape(&mut shape);
-            self.paint_list(|l| l.add(self.clip_rect, shape))
+            self.add_to_paint_list(shape)
         }
     }
 
@@ -189,9 +232,9 @@ impl Painter {
                 self.transform_shape(&mut shape);
                 shape
             });
-            self.paint_list(|l| l.extend(self.clip_rect, shapes));
+            self.extend_paint_list(shapes);
         } else {
-            self.paint_list(|l| l.extend(self.clip_rect, shapes));
+            self.extend_paint_list(shapes);
         };
     }
 
@@ -202,7 +245,7 @@ impl Painter {
         }
         let mut shape = shape.into();
         self.transform_shape(&mut shape);
-        self.paint_list(|l| l.set(idx, self.clip_rect, shape));
+        self.set_shape_in_paint_list(idx, shape);
     }
 }
 

crates/egui/src/response.rs

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 use crate::{
     emath::{Align, Pos2, Rect, Vec2},
-    menu, Context, CursorIcon, Id, LayerId, PointerButton, Sense, Ui, WidgetText,
+    menu, AreaLayerId, Context, CursorIcon, Id, PointerButton, Sense, Ui, WidgetText,
     NUM_POINTER_BUTTONS,
 };
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct Response {
 
     // IN:
     /// Which layer the widget is part of.
-    pub layer_id: LayerId,
+    pub layer_id: AreaLayerId,
 
     /// The [`Id`] of the widget/area this response pertains.
     pub id: Id,

crates/egui/src/ui.rs

@@ -6,8 +6,8 @@ use std::sync::Arc;
 use epaint::mutex::RwLock;
 
 use crate::{
-    containers::*, ecolor::*, epaint::text::Fonts, layout::*, menu::MenuState, placer::Placer,
-    util::IdTypeMap, widgets::*, *,
+    containers::*, ecolor::*, epaint::text::Fonts, layers::ZLayer, layout::*, menu::MenuState,
+    placer::Placer, util::IdTypeMap, widgets::*, *,
 };
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -71,7 +71,13 @@ impl Ui {
     ///
     /// Normally you would not use this directly, but instead use
     /// [`SidePanel`], [`TopBottomPanel`], [`CentralPanel`], [`Window`] or [`Area`].
-    pub fn new(ctx: Context, layer_id: LayerId, id: Id, max_rect: Rect, clip_rect: Rect) -> Self {
+    pub fn new(
+        ctx: Context,
+        layer_id: AreaLayerId,
+        id: Id,
+        max_rect: Rect,
+        clip_rect: Rect,
+    ) -> Self {
         let style = ctx.style();
         Ui {
             id,
@@ -310,8 +316,19 @@ impl Ui {
 
     /// Use this to paint stuff within this [`Ui`].
     #[inline]
-    pub fn layer_id(&self) -> LayerId {
-        self.painter().layer_id()
+    pub fn area_layer_id(&self) -> AreaLayerId {
+        self.painter().area_layer_id()
+    }
+
+    #[deprecated = "Rename area_layer_id"]
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn layer_id(&self) -> AreaLayerId {
+        self.area_layer_id()
+    }
+
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn z_layer(&self) -> ZLayer {
+        self.painter().z_layer()
     }
 
     /// The height of text of this text style
@@ -616,7 +633,7 @@ impl Ui {
         self.ctx().interact(
             self.clip_rect(),
             self.spacing().item_spacing,
-            self.layer_id(),
+            self.z_layer(),
             id,
             rect,
             sense,
@@ -636,8 +653,14 @@ impl Ui {
         id: Id,
         sense: Sense,
     ) -> Response {
-        self.ctx()
-            .interact_with_hovered(self.layer_id(), id, rect, sense, self.enabled, hovered)
+        self.ctx().interact_with_hovered(
+            self.area_layer_id(),
+            id,
+            rect,
+            sense,
+            self.enabled,
+            hovered,
+        )
     }
 
     /// Is the pointer (mouse/touch) above this rectangle in this [`Ui`]?
@@ -646,7 +669,7 @@ impl Ui {
     /// if this [`Ui`] is behind some other window, this will always return `false`.
     pub fn rect_contains_pointer(&self, rect: Rect) -> bool {
         self.ctx()
-            .rect_contains_pointer(self.layer_id(), self.clip_rect().intersect(rect))
+            .rect_contains_pointer(self.area_layer_id(), self.clip_rect().intersect(rect))
     }
 
     /// Is the pointer (mouse/touch) above this [`Ui`]?
@@ -942,7 +965,7 @@ impl Ui {
     pub fn allocate_painter(&mut self, desired_size: Vec2, sense: Sense) -> (Response, Painter) {
         let response = self.allocate_response(desired_size, sense);
         let clip_rect = self.clip_rect().intersect(response.rect); // Make sure we don't paint out of bounds
-        let painter = Painter::new(self.ctx().clone(), self.layer_id(), clip_rect);
+        let painter = Painter::new(self.ctx().clone(), self.area_layer_id(), clip_rect);
         (response, painter)
     }
 
@@ -1734,10 +1757,10 @@ impl Ui {
         InnerResponse::new(ret, response)
     }
 
-    /// Redirect shapes to another paint layer.
+    /// Redirect shapes to another area layer.
     pub fn with_layer_id<R>(
         &mut self,
-        layer_id: LayerId,
+        layer_id: AreaLayerId,
         add_contents: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
     ) -> InnerResponse<R> {
         self.scope(|ui| {
@@ -1746,6 +1769,33 @@ impl Ui {
         })
     }
 
+    /// Set z-index and layer id at the same time
+    pub fn with_z_layer<R>(
+        &mut self,
+        layer: ZLayer,
+        add_contents: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
+    ) -> InnerResponse<R> {
+        self.scope(|ui| {
+            ui.painter.set_layer(layer);
+            add_contents(ui)
+        })
+    }
+
+    /// Set z-index for all shapes drawn on the current layer
+    ///
+    /// Note that this z-index is for this layer only. The draw order of area
+    /// layers takes precedence over this z-index.
+    pub fn with_z<R>(
+        &mut self,
+        z: layers::ZOrder,
+        add_contents: impl FnOnce(&mut Self) -> R,
+    ) -> InnerResponse<R> {
+        self.scope(|ui| {
+            ui.painter.set_z(z);
+            add_contents(ui)
+        })
+    }
+
     /// A [`CollapsingHeader`] that starts out collapsed.
     pub fn collapsing<R>(
         &mut self,

crates/egui_demo_app/src/apps/fractal_clock.rs

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ impl FractalClock {
 
         let painter = Painter::new(
             ui.ctx().clone(),
-            ui.layer_id(),
+            ui.area_layer_id(),
             ui.available_rect_before_wrap(),
         );
         self.paint(&painter);

crates/egui_demo_app/src/wrap_app.rs

@@ -355,8 +355,10 @@ impl WrapApp {
                 text
             });
 
-            let painter =
-                ctx.layer_painter(LayerId::new(Order::Foreground, Id::new("file_drop_target")));
+            let painter = ctx.layer_painter(AreaLayerId::new(
+                Order::Foreground,
+                Id::new("file_drop_target"),
+            ));
 
             let screen_rect = ctx.screen_rect();
             painter.rect_filled(screen_rect, 0.0, Color32::from_black_alpha(192));

crates/egui_demo_lib/src/demo/drag_and_drop.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub fn drag_source(ui: &mut Ui, id: Id, body: impl FnOnce(&mut Ui)) {
         ui.ctx().set_cursor_icon(CursorIcon::Grabbing);
 
         // Paint the body to a new layer:
-        let layer_id = LayerId::new(Order::Tooltip, id);
+        let layer_id = AreaLayerId::new(Order::Tooltip, id);
         let response = ui.with_layer_id(layer_id, body).response;
 
         // Now we move the visuals of the body to where the mouse is.

examples/file_dialog/src/main.rs

@@ -93,8 +93,10 @@ fn preview_files_being_dropped(ctx: &egui::Context) {
             text
         });
 
-        let painter =
-            ctx.layer_painter(LayerId::new(Order::Foreground, Id::new("file_drop_target")));
+        let painter = ctx.layer_painter(AreaLayerId::new(
+            Order::Foreground,
+            Id::new("file_drop_target"),
+        ));
 
         let screen_rect = ctx.screen_rect();
         painter.rect_filled(screen_rect, 0.0, Color32::from_black_alpha(192));

examples/z_order/Cargo.toml

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+[package]
+name = "z_order"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Max Stoumen <max@mxs.dev>"]
+license = "MIT OR Apache-2.0"
+edition = "2021"
+rust-version = "1.65"
+publish = false
+
+
+[dependencies]
+eframe = { path = "../../crates/eframe", features = [
+    "__screenshot", # __screenshot is so we can dump a screenshot using EFRAME_SCREENSHOT_TO
+] }
+log = "0.4.17"
+tracing-subscriber = "0.3"

examples/z_order/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+Example for how to set Z-order for drawing and interaction.
+
+```sh
+cargo run -p z_order
+```
+
+![](screenshot.png)

examples/z_order/src/main.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+#![cfg_attr(not(debug_assertions), windows_subsystem = "windows")] // hide console window on Windows in release
+
+use eframe::{
+    egui::{self, layers::ZOrder, Sense, Ui},
+    epaint::{Color32, Rect, Rounding, Vec2},
+};
+
+fn main() -> Result<(), eframe::Error> {
+    // Log to stdout (if you run with `RUST_LOG=debug`).
+    tracing_subscriber::fmt::init();
+
+    let options = eframe::NativeOptions {
+        initial_window_size: Some(egui::vec2(220.0, 150.0)),
+        ..Default::default()
+    };
+    eframe::run_native(
+        "Z Order Test",
+        options,
+        Box::new(|_cc| Box::new(MyApp::default())),
+    )
+}
+
+#[derive(Default)]
+struct MyApp {}
+
+impl eframe::App for MyApp {
+    fn update(&mut self, ctx: &egui::Context, _frame: &mut eframe::Frame) {
+        egui::CentralPanel::default().show(ctx, |ui| {
+            ui.label("The left example should show blue over green. The right should show green over blue.");
+
+            egui::Frame::default()
+                .fill(ui.style().visuals.window_fill)
+                .inner_margin(10.0)
+                .show(ui, |ui| {
+                    const SIZE: Vec2 = Vec2::new(50.0, 50.0);
+                    const DELTA: Vec2 = Vec2::new(20.0, 20.0);
+
+                    fn draw_squares(
+                        ui: &mut Ui,
+                        shift: Vec2,
+                        order1: ZOrder,
+                        order2: ZOrder,
+                    ) {
+                        let pos = ui.max_rect().left_top();
+
+                        ui.with_z(order1, |ui| {
+                            let response = ui.allocate_rect(
+                                Rect::from_min_size(pos + shift, SIZE),
+                                Sense::click(),
+                            );
+
+                            let painter = ui.painter_at(response.rect);
+                            painter.rect_filled(response.rect, Rounding::none(), Color32::GREEN);
+
+                            if response.clicked() {
+                                log::info!("Clicked green");
+                            }
+                        });
+
+                        ui.with_z(order2, |ui| {
+                            let response = ui.allocate_rect(
+                                Rect::from_min_size(pos + DELTA + shift, SIZE),
+                                Sense::click(),
+                            );
+                            let painter = ui.painter_at(response.rect);
+                            painter.rect_filled(response.rect, Rounding::none(), Color32::BLUE);
+
+                            if response.clicked() {
+                                log::info!("Clicked blue");
+                            }
+                        });
+                    }
+
+                    let base = ZOrder::BASE;
+                    let above = base.in_front();
+
+                    draw_squares(ui, Vec2::new(0.0, 0.0), base, above);
+                    draw_squares(ui, Vec2::new(100.0, 0.0), above, base);
+                })
+        });
+    }
+}